The search engine takes into account an address of up to characters but the short version is a more readable and aesthetically attractive solution. They are convenient to read and enter manually if necessary. Semantics standard urls are being replaced by semantic options that provide convenient reading and perception. Links that are clear improve navigation and relevance. Using them you can achieve a high ctr which is important for the google and yandex search engines.
Remember that changing links on a site that is already receiving traffic is risky. During changes the page leaves the index and there is no guarantee that it will later return to its old positions. Translation vs transliteration the issue is acute for russian language sites mobile app designs service that use transliteration as the most common option. Another form is possible translation of words included in the url structure. It is better to immediately stop using the cyrillic alphabet because there are differences in encoding everywhere from the browser to the cms. If cyrillic is used the output will be an error and unreadable. The exception is links displayed in snippets here the cyrillic alphabet will be a plus not a minus.
To achieve readability in snippets it is necessary to use semantic page tags which can be done using a special layout via the schema.Org dictionary. You can also use services plugins and other solutions that ensure the creation of correct and readable breadcrumbs. Translit links search engines index well the transliteration and translation of words used in links. If you can't decide on the type then you should take the simple route conduct a competitive analysis. Open a search engine use relevant queries and see what url format your major competitors in the top are using. Translit if the choice fell on transliteration then you will not have to change the links manually.